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外研社高一英语必修一知识点总结

时间: 如英2 高一英语

  外研社高一英语必修一知识点总结:现在进行时表将来

  现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有:come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.

  例:1. I’m coming. 我就来

  2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么?

  3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行

  4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/

  外研社高一英语必修一知识点总结:直接引语和间接引语

  概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。

  间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。

  例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy.

  变化规则

  (一)陈述句的变化规则

  直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

  人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思

  例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

  2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”

  → He told me that he had left his book in my room.

  时态的变化

  例:

  “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.

  →Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

  The boy said, “I’m using a knife.” → The boy said that he was using a knife.

  ▲注意:如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:

  He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.

  指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

  (二) 祈使句的变化规则

  如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not。例:

  The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”→ The hostess asked us to sit down.

  He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” → He told the boys not to make so much noise.

  (三)疑问句的变化规则

  如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。

  一般疑问句:如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:

  “Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.

  → The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.

  2) 特殊疑问句:如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:

  “What do you want?” he asked me. → He asked me what I wanted

  外研社高一英语必修一知识点总结:定语从句

  概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

  成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:that,which,who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用。

  1. 关系代词that的用法

  关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语

  例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主语)

  2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物,作宾语)

  3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人,作主语)

  4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人,作宾语)

  2. 关系代词which的用法

  关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语

  例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语)

  2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)

  3. 关系代词who,whom的用法

  关系代词who,whom 只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语

  例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语)

  2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、

  4. 关系代词whose在的用法

  关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。

  例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人,作主语)

  2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主语)

  3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物,作宾语)

  5. 关系副词when的用法

  关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语

  例:1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.

  2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?

  6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法

  关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语

  例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.

  2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.

  7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法

  关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语

  例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.

  2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.

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